How did the First Vatican Council address the authority of the Pope?

The First Vatican Council, which convened from 1869 to 1870, took significant steps to solidify the authority of the Pope within the Catholic Church. The council explicitly defined the Pope's authority in matters of faith and morals, affirming the concept of papal infallibility. This doctrine states that under specific conditions, the Pope is safeguarded from error when proclaiming doctrines related to faith and morals to the Church, a principle that emphasizes his unique role as the spiritual leader.

This articulation of papal authority was pivotal in enhancing the role of the Pope at a time when the church faced various challenges, both internally and externally. The council also stressed the necessity of submission to the Pope’s teachings, which further reinforced the significance of papal guidance in spiritual and theological matters for the Catholic faithful.

The other options do not align with the outcomes of the council, as the First Vatican Council did not minimize or overlook papal authority nor did it propose that all bishops share equal authority with the Pope. Instead, it clarified and elevated the Pope's position as the supreme pastoral leader.