What aspect of salvation was clarified at the Council of Trent?

The Council of Trent, which took place between 1545 and 1563, was a significant ecumenical council in the history of the Catholic Church, particularly in response to the Protestant Reformation. One of the major clarifications in its decrees was regarding the nature of salvation. The council articulated the belief that salvation involves not just faith but also an active cooperation with God's grace.

This means that while faith is essential for salvation, it is not sufficient on its own; individuals must also respond to God's grace through their actions and efforts. The council emphasized that divine grace is necessary, and humans play an active role in their salvation by adhering to the teachings of the Church, participating in the sacraments, and performing good works. Thus, the council maintained the importance of both faith and works, establishing a holistic view of salvation that counters the 'sola fide' (faith alone) doctrine promoted by some Reformation leaders.

By affirming that salvation includes both faith and cooperation with grace, the Council of Trent sought to underscore the collaborative aspect of salvation between divine grace and human responsibility, a key doctrine that defines Catholic theology on salvation.