Which council reaffirmed the foundation of the Church's teachings during the Protestant Reformation?

The Council of Trent is recognized as a pivotal moment for reaffirming the foundation of the Church's teachings in response to the challenges posed during the Protestant Reformation. Convened between 1545 and 1563, this council addressed various theological disputes and sought to clarify Catholic doctrine in the face of Protestant critiques.

One of its significant contributions was the formal clarification of key doctrines, including the importance of tradition alongside Scripture, the role of the sacraments, and the nature of salvation and grace. The Council effectively reaffirmed the authority of the papacy and the Church's sacramental system, marking a concerted effort to address the issues raised by reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin.

In addition to doctrinal issues, the Council also dealt with issues of Church reform, aiming to correct abuses and reaffirm the moral authority of clergy. This dual focus not only aimed to unify the Church but also sought to strengthen its position against emerging Protestant movements. Overall, the Council of Trent played a critical role in shaping the Catholic Church's response during a tumultuous period in its history and solidified its teachings for centuries to come.