Who convened the First Vatican Council?

The First Vatican Council was convened by Pope Pius IX, making him a central figure in the event. He called the council primarily to address various issues affecting the Church at the time, particularly those related to the authority of the Pope and the Church's response to modernity. The council addressed significant matters, including the doctrine of papal infallibility, which means that the Pope, when speaking ex cathedra on matters of faith and morals, is considered free from error.

Pope Pius IX's motivations included a desire to provide clarity and unity within the Church amidst the challenges posed by secularism and rationalism that were gaining prominence during the 19th century. The council ultimately aimed not only to respond to these challenges but also to reaffirm the Church's teachings and authority in a rapidly changing world. Understanding this context highlights why Pope Pius IX's role is crucial in the history of the Catholic Church and the decisions shaped during the First Vatican Council.