Who was primarily responsible for addressing the theological disputes during the early Ecumenical Councils?

The primary responsibility for addressing theological disputes during the early Ecumenical Councils rested with bishops. These councils were convened to resolve significant doctrinal controversies and issues that arose within the Christian community. Bishops, as the overseers of local churches, were seen as the most qualified individuals to engage in theological debate and provide authoritative teachings based on Scripture and apostolic tradition.

Bishops held considerable authority and were often viewed as successors to the apostles, giving them a recognized position in the early Church's governance and teaching. Their collective participation in councils, such as those at Nicaea, Constantinople, and Chalcedon, allowed for comprehensive discussions and the formulation of key doctrines, such as the nature of Christ and the Trinity.

Other groups, such as local priests and laypeople, did not participate directly in the councils or possess the same level of theological training and authority. Theologians, while important for intellectual development, often operated within the framework established by bishops. Therefore, bishops were central to the decision-making processes and resolutions of theological disputes, solidifying their role in shaping early Christian doctrine.